A 28 year old man develops an acute paronychia and subsequent spreading sepsis. The tissue exudate has a higher protein content than normal tissue because?
A. | Breakdown of tissue cells release protein | ||
| B. | Capillary walls are more permeable | |
C. | Increased blood flow transports more protein into the area | ||
D. | Intracapillary pressure is raised | ||
E. | Plasma cells release gamma globulin |
The increased permeability allows the exudation of plasma proteins.
Acute inflammation
Inflammation is the reaction of the tissue elements to injury. Vascular changes occur, resulting in the generation of a protein rich exudate. So long as the injury does not totally destroy the existing tissue architecture, the episode may resolve with restoration of original tissue architecture.
Vascular changes
- Vasodilation occurs and persists throughout the inflammatory phase.
- Inflammatory cells exit the circulation at the site of injury.
- The equilibrium that balances Starlings forces within capillary beds is disrupted and a protein rich exudate will form as the vessel walls also become more permeable to proteins.
- The high fibrinogen content of the fluid may form a fibrin clot. This has several important immunomodulatory functions.
Sequelae
Resolution |
|
Organisation |
|
Suppuration |
|
Progression to chronic inflammation |
|
Causes
- Microbacterial infections e.g. Viruses, exotoxins or endotoxins released by bacteria
- Chemical agents
- Physical agents e.g. Trauma
- Hypersensitivity reactions
- Tissue necrosis
Presence of neutrophil polymorphs is a histological diagnostic feature of acute inflammation
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