UKMLA PLAB AMC USMLE Prometric MCQ

Question Number 1065
Question:
A 12 year old with recurrent urinary tract infections and hematuria undergoes cystoscopy. A shallow diverticulum is seen just above and lateral to the ureteric orifice. The most likely cause of her urinary tract infections is

a) physiological dilatation of the ureter
b) horse-shoe kidney
c) medullary sponge kidney
d) vesico-ureteric reflux
e) renal papillary necrosis